Which phase of disaster management focuses on reducing the impact of hazards before they occur?

Mitigation is the phase of disaster management that is concerned with reducing the impact of hazards before they occur. This can involve actions such as implementing building codes that enhance structural integrity, conducting risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities in communities, and establishing land-use planning that avoids high-risk areas. The goal of mitigation is to lessen both the severity of disasters and the potential damage they can cause to life and property.

In this context, preparedness refers to the planning and training that occur to prepare for the eventuality of a disaster, which is vital but takes place after mitigation efforts. The response phase involves the immediate actions taken after a disaster strikes to ensure safety and begin recovery efforts. Recovery focuses on restoring communities and services to normal or even improved conditions after a disaster has occurred. Each of these phases is essential in the overall disaster management process, but mitigation specifically targets preventing the risks and impacts before a disaster happens.