What term refers to the reversible damage caused to the tubule cells in the kidneys?

The term that accurately describes the reversible damage to the tubule cells in the kidneys is acute tubular necrosis. This condition typically arises from factors such as ischemia or nephrotoxins, which can lead to cell injury but does not necessarily cause permanent damage. The tubular cells may regain their function once the underlying cause is treated or resolved, allowing for recovery of kidney function.

In contrast, chronic kidney disease refers to a long-term and progressive loss of kidney function, which is generally not reversible. Renal insufficiency, though it can describe impaired kidney function, does not specifically specify tubular cell damage nor does it imply reversibility. Kidney stones involve the formation of mineral deposits that obstruct urinary flow and cause pain, but they do not directly refer to damage to the kidney tubule cells. Thus, acute tubular necrosis best fits the description of reversible injury to kidney tubule cells.