What is the primary purpose of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) after an inhalation injury?

The primary purpose of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in the context of managing patients with an inhalation injury is to recruit alveoli and improve oxygenation. After an inhalation injury, the lungs can become stiff and poorly compliant due to inflammation, fluid accumulation, or atelectasis (collapse of lung segments). By applying PEEP, pressure is maintained in the airways at the end of expiration, which prevents alveoli from fully collapsing and helps to keep them open. This recruitment of collapsed alveoli enhances the surface area available for gas exchange, thereby improving overall oxygenation for the patient.

Inhalation injuries often lead to pulmonary complications, and optimizing lung function is crucial for effective management. While other interventions may support various aspects of respiratory care, the direct goal of PEEP is centered around maintaining or enhancing lung volume and promoting oxygen delivery to tissues through improved ventilation-perfusion matching.