What are the symptoms of placental abruption?

Pain in the back of the abdomen and fetal distress are characteristic symptoms of placental abruption. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus too early, typically after the 20th week of pregnancy. This separation can lead to significant abdominal pain, often described as sharp or severe, and it may also manifest as persistent lower back pain. The fetal distress arises due to compromised blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus as a result of the abruption. This can be monitored through changes in fetal heart rate patterns, which may indicate that the fetus is experiencing stress from the reduced oxygenation and nutrients. Recognizing these symptoms promptly is crucial for the safety of both the mother and the baby.

The other options, while they may pertain to general pregnancy complications or conditions, are not specific indicators of placental abruption and do not encompass the critical signs necessary for diagnosis and timely medical intervention.